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What are the functions of roots?
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Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants
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What are the functions of roots?
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FUNCTIONS OF ROOTS
Primary Functions:
Absorption
: The cluster of root hair present behind the root apex, helps the plant in absorption of minerals, salts and water from the soil.
Anchorage
: The root anchors the plant firmly into the soil and provides mechanical support to the aerial shoot system.
Conduction
: Roots conduct water and mineral salts upwards to the stem and leaves.
Secondary Functions:
Storage
: Roots store certain amount of food material in its mature region which it utilizes during growth.
Moisture absorption
: Hygroscopic roots found in epiphytic plants absorb moisture directly from the air. E.g.
Vanda
Assimilation
: Certain plants produce slender, long, green coloured assimilatory tissue which manufactures food by photosynthesis. E.g.
Tinospora, Trapa
Vegetative propagation
: Roots of certain plants help in vegetative propagation. E.g. Sweet potato, carrot etc.
Respiration
: Pneumatophores are aerial roots found in mangrove plants. They contain small pores called lenticels for gaseous exchange. They are also called breathing roots. E.g.
Rhizophora, Sonneratia, Avicennia
Mycorrhizal association
: Roots of many plants form symbiotic association with fungal hyphae, which helps the plant by enhancing its mineral uptake. E.g.
Cyperus, Pinus
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