in Application of Biotechnology in health and agriculture by

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(1) Microinjection:

  1. The targeted tissue or cell is microinjected with corrected gene by the process of microinjection.
  2. The only disadvantage of this method is that only single cell manipulation can be done.

(2) Electroporation:

  1. Applying proper voltage creates permeability in the cell, thus foreign gene is accepted.
  2. The disadvantage is that only 10% of cells survive rest all die.
  3. Out of these 10%, only 30% are transformed stably.

(3) Calcium PO4 mediated transfection :

It is another method where Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) is used as fusogen.

(4) Retroviruses:

  1. They act as a vector for our gene of interest and also show side specificity, which is the advantage of this method.
  2. The only disadvantage is reversion of viral property.
  3. Other viruses like SV40 are also used.

(5)  Injection of liposomes:

Liposomes can be used to carry our gene of interest, i.e. corrected gene and thus can be injected intravenously.

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