Stomata are the epidermal structure of the leaves that are responsible for the exchange of water vapors and other gases between the leaves of the plant and the environment.
Most of the water is evaporated or transpirated by these pores located on the leaves, i.e. these structures are the most important factor for the water loss.
It acts as a “Turgor operated valves”, consists a pore that is surrounded by a pair of kidney-shaped guard cells.
The guard cells are also surrounded by two or four subsidary cells that are also known as accessory cells.
The guard cells have specialized characteristics:
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The inner wall of the cell is thick and the outer wall is thin.
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It possesses chloroplasts.
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The sizes of the pores are regulated by the guard cells.
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The cellulose microfibrils are radiated outside the pores, which creates radial micellation.
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It controls the CO2 uptake concentration and also the rate of water loss.
