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Artificial methods of breaking the seed dormancy?
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Artificial methods of breaking the seed dormancy?
What are the artificial methods of breaking the seed dormancy?
seed dormancy
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Some of the artificial methods of breaking the seed dormancy are:
Scarification:
The process of
removing or mechanically disrupting the seed coat
so as to accelerate seed germination is called as the
scarification.
In the laboratories the scarification is done with the help of
files or sandpaper or soaking in the concentrated sulphuric acid
for some times. It process of scarification also occurs naturally by
abrasion by sand, microbial action
or when the seed passes through
the animal gut
(acidic condition
in the gut). The seed dormancy as a result of resistant or impermeable seed coat can be overcome by
scarification.
Low temperature or Stratification:
Seed stratification
is the technique used to break dormancy. The seeds are treated in moist medium at low temperature for a period of time. It is a special treatment to overcome the internal dormancy. Stratification involves the
cold and warm stratification. The double dormancy is overcome by doing the seed stratification after the seed scarification
process. The
cold treatment destroys the inhibitors present
in the
seed coat.
Alternating temperatures:
The seeds are usually incubated at low temperature these seeds require a specific temperature for germination. The difference between the two temperatures should not be more than 10°C or 20°C. Hot water treatments is also a method to break the seed dormancy.
Hormone treatment and chemicals
: Application of low level growth regulators like
gibberellins, cytokinins and ethylene, chlorohydrins etc.
will help to break seed dormancy. Some chemicals such
sulphuric acid, potassium nitrate, ethylene, chlorohydrine and thiourea
are widely used for breaking seed dormancy.
Pressure:
The germination of certain seeds can be improved when the seeds are subjected to
hydraulic pressure of 2000 atm. At 18
°
C for 5-20 minutes.
Light:
In certain varieties of seeds the germination does not occurs in the darkness. But when the
seeds are exposed to sun light
the germination occurs
very quickly.
Such seeds are called
as the light sensitive seeds.
It also acts an
important factor that triggers
the germination process. The dormancy due to the positively photoblastic seeds can be broken by exposing them to red light.
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