Enzymes help to improve the cleaning efficiency of detergents. Most enzymes breakdown large complex water insoluble stains on the fabric into smaller water soluble complexes which can be easily removed by mechanical washing. The enzyme can be reused over and over again i.e. it does not loose its function after it acts on one stain. Enzymes are specific in their action each having its own target stain. They are biodegradable. In addition to these, some enzymes help to maintain the whiteness of the fabric.
Some of the enzymes used in detergents are:
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Proteases: They act on soil and stains containing proteins. Example: Blood, grass, collar and cuff-soil lines. They breakdown large complex proteins into simpler units called Peptides
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Amylases: They are used for removing starch based stains and soils. Example: Ice cream, gravy and sauce. They acts on starch molecules and convert them to small sugars
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Lipases: Effective in removing oily and greasy stains
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Cellulase: Used for general cleaning benefits, dust, mud and clothes made from cellulose fibers.
