The seed dormancy is broken by the effect such as:
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Some seeds require the chilling treatment for a period of time. That is cold treatment destroys the inhibitors present in the seed coat.
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The light has an important role in breaking the seed dormancy and germination. Some of the seeds are sensitive to radiations.
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The seed dormancy can be overcome by applying the chemicals. They are the gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, chlorohydrins, thiourea, etc.